From Scorpion Venom to Infection Research: The Promise of Opis16a (Blog Entry)

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  Opistophthalmus carinatus , a southern African scorpion whose venom contains opistoporin 1, the parent peptide from which researchers derived the shorter antimicrobial peptide Opis16a. Credit: Dan Lee / CC0 1.0 From Scorpion Venom to Infection Research: The Promise of Opis16a A synthetic peptide inspired by a southern African scorpion’s venom shows activity against drug-resistant bacteria—but its potential as a wound treatment remains under investigation. Scorpion venom is a complex mixture of biologically active molecules. While many are studied for their effects on ion channels and the nervous system, others offer a different research opportunity: understanding how peptides can damage bacterial cells. One such candidate is Opis16a , a synthetic, 16-amino-acid fragment derived from opistoporin 1, a peptide originally isolated from the venom of Opistophthalmus carinatus . Research highlighted by Nature Africa suggests that this shortened molecule combines broad antibacterial acti...

Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution

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Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution

Abstract

Female-biased sexual size dimorphism stands as a widespread evolutionary pattern. Fecundity selection, favouring larger females with greater reproductive output, is a leading explanation. However, larger body sizes demand greater energy intake, potentially hindering the evolution of extreme female sizes. Thus, the evolution of more lucrative foraging tactics may allow for an increase in size. Hence, coupled with selection against larger males, fecundity selection should result in larger SSD in species with more lucrative foraging strategies. Crab spiders are sit-and-wait predators that hunt in several plant substrata. Species that forage on flowers or employ prey-luring strategies likely have access to higher food intake than other species. We extracted body size measurements of 614 crab spider species from 43 genera and classified them based on their foraging strategy. Our findings show that foraging strategies that provide higher energy input (EFS) result in larger SSD. Statistical estimates indicate that females have a cephalothorax width 91% larger than males in EFS species, compared to 26% larger females than males in non-EFS species. These differences possibly arise due to larger females and smaller males. The effects on male size reduction might result from scramble competition, whereas the increase in female size is likely due to fecundity selection. These results suggest that the shift towards more lucrative foraging strategies may have been a key event in body size and SSD evolution in crab spiders.

Rocha, P. N., & Gawryszewski, F. M. (2024). Foraging strategy as a route for sexual size dimorphism evolution. Ecology and Evolution, 14(11), e70100. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70100