Evidence of venom variability associated with venom extraction interval in the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia)

Posted by
  Evidence of venom variability associated with venom extraction interval in the monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) Abstract Snake venom variability is a critical factor in antivenom production. Although several influencing factors have been studied, the impact of extraction interval on venom properties remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the effects of various extraction intervals on venom yield, the percentage of dry weight (%Dw), and composition in the monocled cobra ( Naja kaouthia ). Twenty-five captive snakes were randomly allocated to five groups, each undergoing a control extraction followed by a repeated extraction at 1, 4, 7, 10, or 14 days. Venom profiles were characterized using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated that while fresh venom yield remained stable across all intervals, %Dw significantly decreased in extractions performed between 1 and 10 days, ...

Spider Diversity (Arachnida: Araneae) in Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary’s Different Ecosystems, Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh, India

Posted by

 


Spider Diversity (Arachnida: Araneae) in Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary’s Different Ecosystems, Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT

Spiders are essential parts of all ecosystems in which they exist, and they’re recognized to be good markers

of the diversity and health of terrestrial populations. However, the Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary’s spiders

are poorly documented, with hardly any information on their systematics, diversity, or ecology. The current

study aims to look into the spider faunal richness in a few habitats in the Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary in

Uttar Pradesh, India. The chosen environments yielded a total of 65 species, divided into 46 genera and 20

families. The maximum species richness was found at Razia Taal (Site C), while the lowest was found at

Hathiakunda Naala (Site D). The spiders were divided into seven functional categories based on their guild

structure: stalkers, orb-web builders, ambushers, space-web builders, ground runners, foliage runners,

and sheet-web builders. Finally, the highest species richness is linked to the flora and fauna of these locations.

The findings of this study provide useful and up-to-date information on the diversity of species found in

the Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary, and the data may be used for future spider research.


Vol.30, May Suppl. Issue, 2024; Page No. (S312-S317), SPIDER DIVERSITY (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) IN SUHELWA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY’S DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS, TERAI REGION, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, Kritika Rao and Amita Kanaujia, http://www.envirobiotechjournals.com/article_abstract.php?aid=14863&iid=399&jid=3