Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation

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  Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation Abstract Snake venom is a complex and dynamic ecological trait, with high potential for intraspecific variation. In this study, the venom composition of the Iberian adder ( Vipera seoanei ) from the Peneda Mountains of northern Portugal was investigated to explore whether venom varies with body size and sex. Venom proteomes from six individuals representing juvenile, subadult, and adult males and females were characterised using LC–MS/MS, while individual variation was assessed from SDS–PAGE profiles of 18 snakes. LC–MS/MS identified 144 proteins, dominated by phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), snake venom serine proteases (svSP), and C-type lectin-related proteins (CTL). Descriptive comparisons revealed contrasting individual profiles, particularly between the juvenile male, characterised by high svSP and svMP abundance, and the juvenile female, characterised by high ...

Spider Diversity (Arachnida: Araneae) in Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary’s Different Ecosystems, Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Spider Diversity (Arachnida: Araneae) in Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary’s Different Ecosystems, Terai Region, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT

Spiders are essential parts of all ecosystems in which they exist, and they’re recognized to be good markers

of the diversity and health of terrestrial populations. However, the Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary’s spiders

are poorly documented, with hardly any information on their systematics, diversity, or ecology. The current

study aims to look into the spider faunal richness in a few habitats in the Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary in

Uttar Pradesh, India. The chosen environments yielded a total of 65 species, divided into 46 genera and 20

families. The maximum species richness was found at Razia Taal (Site C), while the lowest was found at

Hathiakunda Naala (Site D). The spiders were divided into seven functional categories based on their guild

structure: stalkers, orb-web builders, ambushers, space-web builders, ground runners, foliage runners,

and sheet-web builders. Finally, the highest species richness is linked to the flora and fauna of these locations.

The findings of this study provide useful and up-to-date information on the diversity of species found in

the Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary, and the data may be used for future spider research.


Vol.30, May Suppl. Issue, 2024; Page No. (S312-S317), SPIDER DIVERSITY (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) IN SUHELWA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY’S DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS, TERAI REGION, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, Kritika Rao and Amita Kanaujia, http://www.envirobiotechjournals.com/article_abstract.php?aid=14863&iid=399&jid=3