Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation

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  Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation Abstract Snake venom is a complex and dynamic ecological trait, with high potential for intraspecific variation. In this study, the venom composition of the Iberian adder ( Vipera seoanei ) from the Peneda Mountains of northern Portugal was investigated to explore whether venom varies with body size and sex. Venom proteomes from six individuals representing juvenile, subadult, and adult males and females were characterised using LC–MS/MS, while individual variation was assessed from SDS–PAGE profiles of 18 snakes. LC–MS/MS identified 144 proteins, dominated by phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), snake venom serine proteases (svSP), and C-type lectin-related proteins (CTL). Descriptive comparisons revealed contrasting individual profiles, particularly between the juvenile male, characterised by high svSP and svMP abundance, and the juvenile female, characterised by high ...

New Record of Ancylometes rufus (Walckenaer, 1837) (Araneae: Ctenidae) in Peru, with observation of predation by Tityus and verification of specimens present on the European market as Ancylometes sp. Ama

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New Record of Ancylometes rufus (Walckenaer, 1837) (Araneae: Ctenidae) in Peru, with observation of predation by Tityus and verification of specimens present on the European market as Ancylometes sp. Ama

Ancylometes Bertkau, 1880 is a Neotropical genus that currently contains 11 species (World Spider Catalog 2023). They are one of the largest Araneomorphae spiders, whose leg span can reach up to 20 cm. They lead an aquatic lifestyle, living near streams and reservoirs (www.wanderingspiders.net 2024).

Szymański, Dominik & Szymański, Dawid. (2024). New Record of Ancylometes rufus (Walckenaer, 1837) (Araneae: Ctenidae) in Peru, with observation of predation by Tityus and verification of specimens present on the European market as Ancylometes sp. Ama.