New Insight Into the Evolutionary Arms Race Between Spider Egg Sac Pseudoparasitoids and Active Maternal Care by the Spiders

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  New Insight Into the Evolutionary Arms Race Between Spider Egg Sac Pseudoparasitoids and Active Maternal Care by the Spiders ABSTRACT Pseudoparasitoids can lead to high mortality in spider egg sacs, and in some cases, they reduce the reproductive success of a spider female to zero. On the other hand, a species that develops within the spider's egg sac uses a limited resource derived from a single egg sac for its larval development. Therefore, the most crucial behaviour that increases the fitness of free-living pseudoparasitoid females is choosing the best host for their offspring. We analysed various points of the counter-adaptations of the spider egg sac pseudoparasitoid and spiders exhibiting active maternal care, utilising the ichneumonid  Hidryta fusiventris  (Thomson, 1873) and the wolf spider  Pardosa lugubris  (Walckenaer, 1802). We showed that the oviposition decision of  H. fusiventris  is based on the spider's egg sac size and that the fema...

New data on rare, protected and newly found spiders (Araneae) in the fauna of Poland

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New data on rare, protected, and newly found spiders (Araneae) in the fauna of Poland

Abstract


This study includes 70 new records for 22 rare species in Poland. Two species are new to Poland (Macaroeris nidicolens, Segestria bavarica) and another three are protected (Atypus affinis, Philaeus chrysops, Yllenus arenarius). Another locality of Uloborus walckenaerius was detected, which is the second site of occurence for Poland (the first in a synanthropic environment). The work provides new data showing that climate change is influencing the spread of southern European species. It has also been shown that anthropogenic activities and technical procedures (consisting of power line maintenance) may have a beneficial effect on the preservation of suitable habitats and the rare species of spiders living there. The obtained results complement the data on the distribution of rare species. For some rapidly spreading species, literature data are incomplete and out of date. This work will partially fill these gaps.

Szymański, Dawid & Szymański, Dominik & Szymański, Hubert. (2024). New data on rare, protected and newly found spiders (Araneae) in the fauna of Poland. Fragmenta Faunistica. 66. 63-86. 10.3161/00159301FF2023.66.2.063.