A Paradigm Shift in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy: From Conventional Antivenoms to Rationally Designed, Broadly Neutralizing Combination Therapies

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  A Paradigm Shift in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy: From Conventional Antivenoms to Rationally Designed, Broadly Neutralizing Combination Therapies Abstract For over a century, polyclonal antivenom has been the cornerstone of snakebite therapy, saving countless lives. However, the current production method, based on immunizing large animals, has inherent limitations in terms of safety, stability, and supply reliability, thereby creating a pressing need for alternative technologies. This review charts the rise of next-generation antivenoms built on recombinant antibody engineering. We systematically survey the strategies for discovering and developing these molecules, from humanized monoclonal antibodies and VHHs to computationally designed proteins. Our central thesis is that achieving broad-spectrum neutralization against complex venoms requires a shift from single-agent approaches to rationally designed, oligoclonal “cocktail” therapies (defined mixtures of a few select therapeut...

Two new species of Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

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Two new species of Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Abstract
Two new species of Thrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 are described from Peru based on historic male specimens: Thrixopelma christineae sp. nov. and Thrixopelma eliseanneae sp. nov., both deposited in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris. This work increases the diversity of this genus to ten, and the total number of congeners known from Peru to nine.

I would like to thank Danni Sherwood for forwarding this paper via ResearchGate.