Diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of captive snakes

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  Diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from the oral cavity of captive snakes Abstract Venomous snake bites are a global public health issue, causing between 81 000 and 138 000 annual deaths and 400 000 permanent disabilities. This study investigated the oral bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles in captive  Viperidae  snakes. Oral swabs from 48 specimens across four species ( Porthidium lansbergii ,  Bothriechis nigroviridis ,  Cerrophidion sasai , and  Bothrops asper ) were analyzed using culture-dependent methods. Bacterial isolation and identification using the VITEK 2 automated system revealed 41 strains from 12 genera, predominantly Gram-negative bacteria, including  Morganella morganii  (11 isolates) and  Providencia rettgeri  (10 isolates). Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated significant resistance patterns, with 100% resistance to cephalothin and cefazolin i...

New insights on male palpal bulb morphology in Cymbiapophysa Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020, with four new species from Ecuador (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

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New insights on male palpal bulb morphology in Cymbiapophysa Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020, with four new species from Ecuador (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Abstract
Four new species of Cymbiapophysa Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 from northwestern Ecuador are described based on unique combinations of male palpal bulb and female spermathecae morphology: C. ashily sp. nov., C. matildeae sp. nov., C. otongachi sp. nov., and C. yumbos sp. nov. An updated diagnosis, key to species, and comparative plate of the male palpal bulb of previously known species, with relabelling of some keels as necessary , and evidence of a subapical keel in Cymbiapophysa species, are presented. Additionally, we provide further commentaries about cymbial morphology and male palpal bulb structures, and two possible hypotheses related to the origin of accessory keels.

Peñaherrera-R, Pedro & Sherwood, Danniella. (2024). New insights on male palpal bulb morphology in Cymbiapophysa Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020, with four new species from Ecuador (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology. 19. 1003-1017.

Many thanks to Danni Sherwood for providing me the paper and link via ResearchGate