Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Venom Proteomics, Composition, and Antivenom Efficacy of Thai Cobras (Naja spp.): Highlighting the Distinct Profile of the Newly Identified Naja fuxi

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  Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Venom Proteomics, Composition, and Antivenom Efficacy of Thai Cobras (Naja spp.): Highlighting the Distinct Profile of the Newly Identified Naja fuxi Abstract Cobras ( Naja  spp.) account for a significant number of snakebite incidents in Thailand. The monocled cobra ( Naja kaouthia ) has historically been considered the only non-spitting species, but recent evidence indicates population-level diversification in central and southern regions. Additionally, a newly described non-spitting species, the mountain cobra ( Naja fuxi ), has been identified in mountainous areas. This study investigates venom variation among Thai  Naja  species and populations and evaluates the efficacy of monovalent and polyvalent Thai antivenoms. Proteomic analyses revealed that three-finger toxins dominate  Naja  venoms, whereas  N. fuxi  exhibits a distinct profile enriched in snake venom metalloproteinases and cysteine-rich...

Leveraging citizen science data to preliminarily infer the distribution and habitat associations of the Venezuelan endemic Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens (Strand, 1907) (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

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Leveraging citizen science data to preliminarily infer the distribution and habitat associations of the Venezuelan endemic Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens (Strand, 1907) (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Abstract
The theraphosid Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens (Strand, 1907), known as the Green Bottle Blue Tarantula worldwide, but in Venezuela under the common name Tarántula Azul de Paraguaná, is a charismatic species endemic to Venezuela. Hitherto, almost all information known about this species comes from data gathered in captivity. Through utilizing verified citizen science data from the website iNaturalist, we discuss the biogeographical significance of these preliminary data for showing the in situ distribution and habitat associations of this iconic spider, including a notable record from inland Venezuela in the state of Lara.

Sherwood, Danniella & Gianni-Zurita, Rafael. (2023). Leveraging citizen science data to preliminarily infer the distribution and habitat associations of the Venezuelan endemic Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens (Strand, 1907) (Araneae: Theraphosidae). 36-50. Danniella Sherwood via ResearhGate