Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G): A natural small-molecule compound for alleviating envenomation symptoms Induced by Bungarus multicinctus

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  By Yung-Lun Lin - https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/339509447 , CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=181835911 Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G): A natural small-molecule compound for alleviating envenomation symptoms Induced by Bungarus multicinctus Abstract Bungarus multicinctus (many-banded krait) ranks among the world’s most medically significant venomous snakes. Its venom, predominantly composed of α-bungarotoxin neurotoxins in a complex mixture, induces life-threatening respiratory paralysis, pulmonary failure, and often multi-organ dysfunction following envenomation. Building upon our discovery that the chemical dye Cy7-SE attenuates the toxicity of  Bungarus multicinctus  venom, this study employed network pharmacology to analyze molecular docking parameters between Cy7-SE and α-bungarotoxin. We subsequently applied computational virtual screening to identify natural small molecules alleviating symptoms of  B. multicinctus  envenomati...

Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae)

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Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae)

Abstract

Damarchus pylorus sp. nov., D. lanna sp. nov. and D. dao sp. nov. are described from males and females collected in western and northern Thailand. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. and D. lanna sp. nov. are morphologically unique within the genus by males having a para-embolic apophysis and a keel composed of coarse laminae on the lower (posterior) side of the palpal organ, and by females having sperm receptacles, composed of a strongly sclerotized base and an unsclerotized head, situated on the ventral side of a relatively long genital atrium. The distantly related D. dao sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners by males having a tibia I coupling spur with three megaspines. Presumed relationships of these three species and of the genus Damarchus are discussed. Information on biology and burrow structures of the new species is provided. Damarchus pylorus sp. nov. stands out by plugging the side shaft of its burrow with a soil pellet; similar plugging devices in unbranched burrows are known from other spider families.

https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5336.4.2

Schwendinger, P. J. & Hongpadharakiree, K. (2023). Three new and exceptional Damarchus species from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5336(4): 481-508. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.2

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