Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling

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  Ziyuglycoside I Attenuates Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom–Induced Injury in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Modulating PAR1–NLRP3–IL-1β Signaling Abstract Introduction Sanguisorba officinalis L. ( Di Yu ) has traditionally been used for snakebite treatment. Ziyuglycoside I, a major bioactive constituent of Di Yu , exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, but its role in snake venom-associated renal injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate its potential protective effects against Deinagkistrodon acutus venom (DAV)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury in vitro. Methods HK-2 cells were exposed to DAV to establish an in vitro renal tubular epithelial injury model. Cellular metabolic activity and intracellular ATP levels were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 and CellTiter-Glo assays, respectively. DAV-induced molecular alterations were examined by transcriptomic sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. PAR1 knockdown and pharmacological...

Re-examination of the type materials of seven species of Plexippina (Araneae, Salticidae) from China

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Re-examination of the type materials of seven species of Plexippina (Araneae, Salticidae) from China

Abstract

The type specimens of seven species of the subtribe Plexippina from China are re-examined, and detailed illustrations of the habitus and copulatory organs are provided. Three species retain their current taxonomy: Evarcha wulingensis Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993, Pancorius goulufengensis Peng, Yin, Yan & Kim, 1998, Thyene yuxiensis Xie & Peng, 1995. The other four species have taxonomic changes and are to be treated as synonyms as follows: Telamonia luxiensis (Peng, Yin, Yan & Kim, 1998), syn. nov. (= Epeus bicuspidatus (Song, Gu & Chen, 1988)); Thyene radialis Xie & Peng, 1995 was previously synonymised with Thyene orientalis Żabka, 1985; Thyene triangula Xie & Peng, 1995, syn. nov. (= Ptocasius montiformis Song, 1991); Thyene zhangi (Peng, Yin, Yan & Kim, 1998), syn. nov. (= Thyene orientalis Żabka, 1985).

Zhou Y, Peng X (2026) Re-examination of the type materials of seven species of Plexippina (Araneae, Salticidae) from China. ZooKeys 1293: 221-239. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1293.203377