An unusually complex venom system in araneophagous palp-footed spiders (Palpimanidae)

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  An unusually complex venom system in araneophagous palp-footed spiders (Palpimanidae) Venoms are key adaptive traits in many animal lineages, yet their structural and functional diversity in spiders remains poorly investigated. Here, we present an initial characterization of the venom system of palp-footed spiders (Palpimanidae), a family specialized in hunting other spiders. Using micro-computed tomography, we found that the venom glands of the single species examined, Palpimanus gibbulus , exhibit a complex, multi-lobed morphology that is unusual among araneomorph spiders. Proteo-transcriptomic analyses of two Palpimanus venoms ( P. gibbulus and P. cyprius ) revealed highly diverse putative toxin repertoires comprising hundreds of peptides and proteins, including numerous novel putative neurotoxins, cytotoxins, enzymes, and allergens. Five major families of cysteine-rich palpitoxins were identified as the dominant putative neurotoxic components in both species, displaying con...

Descriptions of three new high-altitude species of Karschia from Xizang, China (Solifugae: Karschiidae)

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Descriptions of three new high-altitude species of Karschia from Xizang, China (Solifugae: Karschiidae)

Abstract

Three new high-altitude species of the karschiid genus Karschia Walter, 1889, are described from Xizang, China. Detailed morphological descriptions, diagnostic features, and illustrations of Karschia gyirongensis sp. nov., K. yadongensis sp. nov. and K. yui sp. nov. are provided. The known geographical records of the new species in China are mapped. The number of Karschia species known from China is increased from 14 to 17.

Fan, W., Chen, A., Zhang, C. & Zhang, F. (2026) Descriptions of three new high-altitude species of Karschia from Xizang, China (Solifugae: Karschiidae). Zootaxa, 5849 (2), 151–168. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5849.2.1