On the identity of the poorly known spider species Centromerus obscurus Boesenberg, 1902 and description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

Posted by
  On the identity of the poorly known spider species Centromerus obscurus Boesenberg, 1902 and description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae) Abstract The taxonomic status and distribution of the poorly known linyphiid species Centromerus obscurus Boesenberg, 1902 is discussed on the basis of newly collected material from Bulgaria. Additionally, after a review of the related literature and the newly collected material, a new species of Centromerus species, C. thaleri sp. n., is described based on both sexes and Centromerus obscurus is considered nomen dubium stat. reconf.  Deltshev, C. & Indzhov, S. (2026). On the identity of the poorly known spider species Centromerus obscurus Boesenberg, 1902 and description of a new species (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica 48 (6): 159-164. doi: 10.48027/hnb.48.062

Photobiomodulation Activated TGF-β1 Has Discrete Roles in Modulating Macrophage Responses to Bothrops jararacussu Venom

Posted by

 

Photo 64655231, (c) Juliano Marques, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Juliano Marques, https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/64655231

Photobiomodulation Activated TGF-β1 Has Discrete Roles in Modulating Macrophage Responses to Bothrops jararacussu Venom

ABSTRACT

Bothrops jararacussu (BjsuV) snake bites cause severe local and systemic effects that are counteracted with antivenom that is ineffective in preventing damage to muscle tissue and amputations. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a promising adjunct anti-inflammatory therapy. This study investigated whether PBM can modulate macrophage functions via TGF-β1 following exposure to BjsuV. Cell survival, migration, and phagocytosis of macrophages were evaluated after treatments with BjsuV, TGF-β1, a TGF-β inhibitor—SB431542, and PBM (660 nm red or 810 nm near-infrared laser at 10 mW/cm2, 400 and 500 s, 4 J/cm2, and 5 J/cm2, 7.5 pJ/cm2, 1.7ɇ). BjsuV-reduced macrophage survival and migration but increased phagocytosis that was significantly counteracted by PBM treatments. These observations suggest the anti-inflammatory effects of PBM in macrophages contribute to its therapeutic potential in mitigating venom-induced multiple signaling pathways. These mechanistic insights could improve the rigor and reproducibility of future clinical PBM anti-inflammatory treatments.

David, A. C., Amin, M., Varsani, R., Tang, M. Z., Kalshetti, D., Silva Junior, J. A., Zamuner, S. R., & Arany, P. (2026). Photobiomodulation Activated TGF-β1 Has Discrete Roles in Modulating Macrophage Responses to Bothrops jararacussu Venom. Journal of Biophotonics, 19(2), e70238. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.70238