Severe Viper Envenomation: A Case Report From Portugal

Posted by

From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling

Posted by

 

From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling

ABSTRACT

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become an important therapeutic option for metabolic disorders. Their development, from the early identification of exendin-4 in Gila-monster venom to the creation of long-acting analogues and the first oral peptide, marks a significant step in translational drug design. Each generation resolved issues of enzymatic instability, rapid clearance, and low permeability. These gains stemmed from improvements in acylation, fusion-protein engineering, and sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino)caprylate (SNAC)–enabled absorption. This review integrates molecular evolution, formulation advances, and biopharmaceutics modeling, including physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM), to illustrate emerging strategies shaping next-generation oral peptide therapeutics.

Madny, M. A., & Murthy, A. (2026). From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling. Journal of Peptide Science, 32(4), e70092. https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.70092