Broad-Scale Climatic Gradients Drive Multiple Facets of Scorpion Beta Diversity in Northeastern Brazil

Posted by
  Broad-Scale Climatic Gradients Drive Multiple Facets of Scorpion Beta Diversity in Northeastern Brazil ABSTRACT Aim Beta diversity analyses clarify mechanisms structuring ecological communities, but their multidimensional facets remain poorly explored in arthropods. Here, we quantified taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity in scorpions, partitioned these facets into species replacement and richness differences, and evaluated the relative importance of spatial structure and environmental conditions in driving community assembly. Location Northeastern Brazil, South America. Taxon Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Methods Taxonomic beta diversity was estimated using species presence across 70 sites in northeastern Brazil. Phylogenetic turnover was calculated from a multi-locus molecular tree, and functional beta diversity was derived from morphometric and ecological traits. All beta diversity facets were decomposed into replacement and richness-difference component...

From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling

Posted by

 

From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling

ABSTRACT

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become an important therapeutic option for metabolic disorders. Their development, from the early identification of exendin-4 in Gila-monster venom to the creation of long-acting analogues and the first oral peptide, marks a significant step in translational drug design. Each generation resolved issues of enzymatic instability, rapid clearance, and low permeability. These gains stemmed from improvements in acylation, fusion-protein engineering, and sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino)caprylate (SNAC)–enabled absorption. This review integrates molecular evolution, formulation advances, and biopharmaceutics modeling, including physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM), to illustrate emerging strategies shaping next-generation oral peptide therapeutics.

Madny, M. A., & Murthy, A. (2026). From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling. Journal of Peptide Science, 32(4), e70092. https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.70092