New insights into maternal care and juvenile dispersal in Pterinopelma roseum (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

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  New insights into maternal care and juvenile dispersal in Pterinopelma roseum (Araneae: Theraphosidae) Abstract Tarantulas (Theraphosidae) exhibit a wide diversity of reproductive behaviors, yet many aspects of their natural history, particularly those related to maternal care and juvenile dispersal, remain poorly known. Pterinopelma roseum is a species distributed in southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina for which information on reproductive biology is limited. The aim of this study was to document maternal care, egg sac composition, and juvenile dispersal through the monitoring of a female collected together with its egg sac in Misiones Province, Argentina. The female was maintained under controlled laboratory conditions and observed daily until juvenile dispersal. During the incubation period, the female actively protected the egg sac, remaining in contact with it most of the time and displaying defensive behaviors when disturbed, while continuing to feed regularly. The e...

From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling

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From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling

ABSTRACT

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become an important therapeutic option for metabolic disorders. Their development, from the early identification of exendin-4 in Gila-monster venom to the creation of long-acting analogues and the first oral peptide, marks a significant step in translational drug design. Each generation resolved issues of enzymatic instability, rapid clearance, and low permeability. These gains stemmed from improvements in acylation, fusion-protein engineering, and sodium N-(8-[2-hydroxybenzoyl]amino)caprylate (SNAC)–enabled absorption. This review integrates molecular evolution, formulation advances, and biopharmaceutics modeling, including physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM), to illustrate emerging strategies shaping next-generation oral peptide therapeutics.

Madny, M. A., & Murthy, A. (2026). From Venom-to-Vial-to-Pill: The Translational Journey of GLP-1 Peptides and the Evolving Landscape of Biopharmaceutics Modeling. Journal of Peptide Science, 32(4), e70092. https://doi.org/10.1002/psc.70092