A new species of the mygalomorph spider genus Euagrus Ausserer (Araneae: Euagridae) from central Mexico and new records of E. gus Coyle from Tlaxcala

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  A new species of the mygalomorph spider genus Euagrus Ausserer (Araneae: Euagridae) from central Mexico and new records of E. gus Coyle from Tlaxcala Abstract  A new species of the spider genus Euagrus Ausserer, 1875 from temperate pine-oak forests in the states of Tlaxcala and Hidalgo, Mexico is described: E. pulque sp. nov. The description of the new species is based on male and female adult specimens. Additionally, Euagrus gus Coyle, 1988 is recorded for the very first time in the state of Tlaxcala. These species have sympatric distributions in La Malinche National Park, Tlaxcala. With this description, the diversity of the genus increases to 23 species, with Mexico harboring the highest diversity with 17 described species.  Valdez-Mondragón, A., Salinas-Velasco, H. V. & Bueno-Villegas, J. (2026). A new species of the mygalomorph spider genus Euagrus Ausserer (Araneae: Euagridae) from central Mexico and new records of E. gus Coyle from Tlaxcala. Zootaxa 5810 (...

A Novel Equine F[abʹ]2 Veterinary Antivenom for North American Viperid Snake Envenomation Demonstrates Efficacy by Rapid Serum Venom Removal and Improvement in Snakebite Severity Score

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A Novel Equine F[abʹ]2 Veterinary Antivenom for North American Viperid Snake Envenomation Demonstrates Efficacy by Rapid Serum Venom Removal and Improvement in Snakebite Severity Score

ABSTRACT

Objective

To assess the efficacy of a new equine F[abʹ]2 antivenom (US Department of Agriculture code 6101.05) in removing serum venom and lowering the snakebite severity score (SSS) in animals suffering from naturally occurring viperid envenomation.

Design

Retrospective study, April 2020 to October 2021.

Setting

Veterinary hospitals across four North American regions.

Animals

Twenty-two dogs, one cat, and one horse.

Interventions

All patients received the new antivenom intravenously and were assessed for clinical response. Most dogs required one vial for clinical control of signs.

Measurements and Main Results

Among the dogs and cats with detectable initial serum venom, 94.4% showed a strong response to antivenom administration, with a reduction in serum venom ranging from 94% to >99% at 2 h. Animals that experienced a 90% reduction of serum venom within 2 h greatly exceeded the 0% expected of an ineffective antivenom. The canine and feline SSS improved relative to the initial SSS at 2, 6, and 12 h in 57.9%, 77.8%, and 90.9% of cases, respectively. A favorable reduction in SSS was also appreciated in the single horse in the study.

Conclusions

In the canine, feline, and equine cases of North American viperid envenomation studied, antivenom 6101.05 adequately removed serum venom and lowered the SSS.


Carotenuto, S. E., Broussard, G., Fox, G. A., & Hayes, W. K. A Novel Equine F[abʹ]2 Veterinary Antivenom for North American Viperid Snake Envenomation Demonstrates Efficacy by Rapid Serum Venom Removal and Improvement in Snakebite Severity Score. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.70082