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Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation

  Venom composition of the Iberian adder (Vipera seoanei) from northern Portugal reveals limited sex and size variation Abstract Snake venom is a complex and dynamic ecological trait, with high potential for intraspecific variation. In this study, the venom composition of the Iberian adder ( Vipera seoanei ) from the Peneda Mountains of northern Portugal was investigated to explore whether venom varies with body size and sex. Venom proteomes from six individuals representing juvenile, subadult, and adult males and females were characterised using LC–MS/MS, while individual variation was assessed from SDS–PAGE profiles of 18 snakes. LC–MS/MS identified 144 proteins, dominated by phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), snake venom serine proteases (svSP), and C-type lectin-related proteins (CTL). Descriptive comparisons revealed contrasting individual profiles, particularly between the juvenile male, characterised by high svSP and svMP abundance, and the juvenile female, characterised by high ...

Combining Thiophene-Triazole Hybrids with Bothropic Antivenom to Enhance Its Inhibitory Effect Against the Coagulant Activity of Bothrops Jararaca, B. Neuwiedi, and B. Jararacussu Snake Venoms

BEYOND SPECIES-LEVEL DIFFERENCES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF INTRASPECIFIC VENOM PLASTICITY IN SPIDERS

Paralysis Efficiency (PD50) Scales Linearly with Lethality (LD50) in Spider Venoms

Differential Hematotoxic Activity of Southeast Asian Pit Viper Venoms: The Cross-Neutralizing Effect of Available Antivenoms

The action of marimastat, a metalloprotease inhibitor, on the coagulant, hemorrhagic, and neuromuscular activities of Lachesis muta (South American bushmaster) venom

Humanized synthetic nanobody library for antivenom development

Electrophysiological Characterization of the Venom and Toxins from the Scorpion Tityus championi Targeting Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Molecular Modeling of Tch3, a Toxin with Therapeutic Potential for Pain Relief

A proactive multidisciplinary approach to Naja atra envenomation reduces surgical burden and length of hospital stay

Comparison of two populations of the scorpion Centruroides mascota: venom composition and neutralization by a human recombinant antibody

Large animal models for the assessment of snakebite envenoming therapies

Crystal structure and functional characterization of an Asp49 phospholipase A2 from the bushmaster (Lachesis muta)

Biochemical characterisation and substrate-specific proteolytic diversity of venom metalloproteinases in African puff adders

Preliminary evaluation of a monovalent antivenom targeting Cerastes cerastes envenomation in North Africa: feasibility and specificity assessment

Medically relevant snakebite envenomation in Brazil (2009–2023): an epidemiological profile and temporal trend analysis

Oral Acute Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Heteroctenus junceus Scorpion Venom

A review of reported bushmaster (Lachesis spp.) bites in the Americas